VEGF

Scientific explanation

family ligands drive endothelial sprouting and vascular permeability, a canonical tumour axis.

Cancers where relevant

Breast cancer Triple-negative breast cancer Lung cancer Non-small-cell lung cancer Mesothelioma Colorectal cancer MSS colorectal cancer Pancreatic cancer Gastric cancer Esophageal cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver cancer Cholangiocarcinoma Ovarian cancer Cervical cancer Prostate cancer Kidney / renal cell carcinoma Bladder cancer Multiple myeloma Brain tumors Glioblastoma IDH-wildtype glioma Skin cancers Head and neck cancers Thyroid cancer Neuroendocrine tumors Sarcomas Bone cancers

Compounds that intersect this pathway

Itraconazole

Azole antifungal; off-target reports include Hedgehog-pathway antagonism and anti-angiogenic endothelial effects in experimental and early clinical settings. Not a licensed antineoplastic.

This oncology atlas is educational. Pathway maps, adjunctive strategies, and compound listings describe mechanistic relevance. They do not establish clinical efficacy, do not recommend treatment, and are not a substitute for oncology care. Evidence tiers are not equivalent.