angiogenesis pathways

Angiogenesis / hypoxia

HIF-1α

Hypoxia-inducible factors stabilize when oxygen is low, shifting transcription toward glycolysis, angiogenesis and survival.

Angiogenesis / hypoxia

VEGF

VEGF family ligands drive endothelial sprouting and vascular permeability, a canonical tumour angiogenesis axis.

Angiogenesis / hypoxia

Angiogenesis

New vessel formation supplies oxygen and routes for dissemination. It is driven by VEGF, angiopoietins, FGF and inflammatory cytokines under hypoxia.

This oncology atlas is educational. Pathway maps, adjunctive strategies, and compound listings describe mechanistic relevance. They do not establish clinical efficacy, do not recommend treatment, and are not a substitute for oncology care. Evidence tiers are not equivalent.